Friday, November 14, 2014

It Ain't (Going to be) Easy Being Green - Especially for this Green

I don't know about you, but on a rare occasion I encounter a person that I have an instant negative visceral reaction to.  It’s somewhat hard to describe exactly, but you know them when you see them.  There is something about their stature, their body language and their look, that just sets you, almost from the second you lay eyes on them, in a position of near hatred.  You simply "don't like them", it’s in their eyes, or something, and you just have this physical reaction that is very instinctual.  And sometimes, and you don't realize it at the time, what you are seeing, in part is a reflection of yourself, and a trait about yourself that you really loath, that this person exhibits outwardly.  For me this has happened only 2 or 3 times in my life.  The first time was in middle school, during that lovely age of adolescence that we all wish we could forget (on some level), where there was a fellow male student, who I just simply didn't like.  And he didn't much care for me either.  Being the quintessential "nerd" at this age, you could say he was a bit of a bully, but that is really not so much the case (after-all, after two physical altercations, I had the better hand in the end).  But this post is not really about him, it is about a much more poignant, and presently relevant, such example of this in my life, my encounter with Gerry Green (given this news:  https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2014/10/30/update-ex-warrior-training-center-boss-wore-unearned-ranger-sapper-tabs/).

To tell the story of this encounter, I have to begin with the fact that this is, literally, a war story.  You see on Valentine’s Day 2003 (the day before my wife’s birthday), I was notified that I was to be mobilized in support of the invasion of Iraq.  Not to make this take too long, but in quick succession, I went from Graduate Student at the University of Missouri-Rolla/Company Commander of the 955th Engineer Company at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, to OIC of the cross-levels from 955th to the 389th Engineer Battalion, to mobilizing soldier and incoming Company Construction Officer/XO of A Company, 389th Engineer Battalion (Combat Heavy) in Iowa City, Iowa, and, not so finally, to mobilization/advanced party leader for the Company back to Fort Leonard Wood for deployment train-up and “validation”.  So, more simply, I was yanked out of command and had my personal/professional life fully disrupted.  Only to become second fiddle but the key linchpin behind the company operations as we got to, and then executed, at Fort Leonard Wood, for a bunch of people I barely knew and was going to lead for the next year in combat.  It is in this state of being, that I first encountered Captain (CPT) Gerry Green of C Company, 203d Engineer Battalion.

Like the 389th, the 203d Engineer Battalion (Combat Heavy) was being mobilized in support of what was to be called Operation Iraqi Freedom (at this point we were still using Operation Enduring Freedom).  The 203d was our “sister battalion” and mirrored us in almost every way, save one point, the 389th was an Army Reserve unit and the 203d was from the Missouri Army National Guard (MOARNG).  To the lay person, the Army Reserve (AR) and the National Guard (NG) are oft used interchangeably, but they are really two different things (even though they compose our Army’s “reserve components”).  The Army Reserve is a federal force, not ever used for state duty, while the National Guard is a state force that can be federalized, as needed.  This distinction will become important later in the story, but the point here is we were both the same kind of unit in terms of capabilities and the fact that everyone in them (except a skant few) were part-time soldiers, and we were sent to Fort Leonard Wood to execute the same pre-deployment train-up at the same time and essentially locked into the same everything for the next year.  “Joined at the hip” isn’t far off the mark as a way to explain our two units.  So, returning to my encounter with CPT Green, as a fellow Captain (as we were both at that time) it was nearly inevitable that we would encounter each other along the way.

So, there we were.  I first set eyes on him (CPT Green) in the parking lots around Nutter Field House and/or Abrams Theater when both battalions were being gathered for a set of briefings or other related activities that were being done enmasse with both battalions in order to do a single blast of information.  CPT Green was in front of his company being quintessentially “Hooah!”  Hooah is defined rather broadly (just Google it, you will find more than a thousand uses for the word), but in this sense I mean the overzealous state of being that seems to inhabit the soul of all Army personnel at some level, where in you are centered wholly and completely on being akin to Audie Murphy and devoutly a soldier.  But in this instance, he was up in front of his formation, barking about the upcoming deployment, the nature of war, engaging in physical exercise (yes, most often in the front leaning rest), and just taking the meaning of "Army" to the mass of his company.  Now I am not shy about PT, and I am a very motivated and dedicated officer, in my estimation (not perfect, but none of us are), but this bespoke a very different leader than I.  Green was exhibiting what I often detest in some parts of Army culture; bone head brawn and loud motivation over malleable brain power and force used wisely.  I have seen platoon leaders like this, I have seen many NCOs that have resorted to this, and a few CPTs and above that used this technique.  My normal response when I see this, has always been think that this is a sign of a weak leader; someone who is “faking the funk”, someone that simply has to do something to overcome his lack of capabilities or other defect, and someone that may very well have something to hide.  And when I see someone with a Ranger tab and/or Sapper tab, and a raft of schools engaging in this behavior, it makes me think he/she has lost a little bit of perspective.  Now this wasn’t at a PT (physical training) run/session, it wasn’t because the topic of the briefing or activity lent itself to this response, it wasn’t because his company deserved a tongue lashing or a group punishment (from what I knew), it was because he wanted to “motivate” them in his version of the world.  Having been a Company Commander, I know that your head can often get full of the fact that you are in-charge and frankly can choose to do with your company what you want to do, within the confines of meeting your mission objectives.  But you also are playing with 170 plus souls/people, and you have to respect that too.  Simply put, I didn’t like what I saw; not one iota.  As a peer, however, and not being in his chain of command, it was just a “wow, look at that guy” moment that set me in that emotional/reaction state that I cited above, visceral as it was.

Luckily for me, and him most likely, we really didn’t have to interact on any level for most of the pre-deployment training all the way up through our parallel paths to Baghdad, Iraq.  Sure we would pass and see each other on the way to or at chow, or we might catch a glimpse at a church service (although other than two times, one being Christmas and the other that I'll discuss later, I don’t recall seeing him as a regular church attendee), but neither of us typically had to give the other the time of day, and we really had no reason to talk.  He was interviewed in 2008 at the Combined Arms Center, so you can get a sense of his missions and his take on things if you go to the following link:  http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll13/id/819/rec/15.  You will note I don’t show up in his interview, and I wouldn’t say I should have.  I probably am a small blot on his radar, in any event.  That said, I found his recollection of his missions actually understated his impact and what his Company did, which, I am not fully surprised about as I will now get into.

As I stated above, we were bound to run into each other.  On February 3rd, 2004 I was appointed to a task that was bound to put us face to face; little did I know.  On this magic date, I was assigned what is called a "Report of Survey" for some damage that happened to a 5-ton dump truck in B Company, 389th EN BN.  In contemporary Army parlance this is called a "FLIPL" (Financial Liability Investigation of Property Loss) and from that title you get a better idea of what I did; essentially I was the Army's insurance adjuster in this case.  What brought CPT Green and I together was that the vehicle that struck the B/389th’s vehicle, came from none other than C Company, 203d EN BN.  So from this date, until I closed the case on 14 March 2004, there was need to interact with personnel in his company, and on occasion him.  I won’t go into the details of the investigation (the packet as I look back on it, was pretty thick), but there are some salient points.  First, after interviewing the driver of the vehicle that was damaged, it was clear that I needed to talk to several people in CPT Green’s company, and given the fact that I was from the other Battalion requesting to be in his company area, didn’t sit well, from the Battalion leadership down.

And there was good reason for the jaded eyes:  who wants anyone to be pointing blame from outside “the family” about something that happened that is going to incur liability to someone in “the family”.  But, as I learned in my interactions with him, Gerry, when it came to his peers or superiors, was a man of few words; and begrudgingly he let me speak to his Motor Sergeant and related personnel that were present on BIAP (the Baghdad International Airport) where our basecamps were located, literally across the street from one another.  As the investigation bore out, there simply wasn’t much that I could glean at BIAP in the motor pool/his company area, and there was a lack of attention to this area of his company generally (I couldn’t get pre or post 5988-Es for the truck responsible for the damage and the licensing and vehicle training program was poor), which didn’t surprise me given my observations earlier and my surmising that maintenance wasn’t an area that this kind of officer particularly spent time on.  So I arranged a trip to the basecamp in the Al-Rustimaya neighborhood of Baghdad (aka. Camp Muleskinner) where the balance of C Company, 203d was located.  I went about my business and as able to do some interviews and looked at the site of the accident pursuant to the investigation I was doing.  I also, while I was there, took-in the effort that his Company was leading pertaining to building barracks for the follow-on forces that were to replace us in Baghdad (reading his interview transcript, above, you will see that he notes this).

Like C Company 203d EN BN, my company has the task to build "Baghdad Barracks", at a nearby base, right on the very edge of Sadr City, at Camp War Eagle.  While I had delegated the Contracting Officer Representative (COR) responsibilities to a sharp NCO (SFC Troy Sievert, a true professional) unlike he, I was overall in-charge of the basecamp development at War Eagle and thus kept close tabs on the ongoing efforts.  I was somewhat shocked to see some of the differences between how Gerry’s buildings were being constructed and those I was overseeing.  For one, while I was there, his contractor was placing the second floor concrete deck on one of the 4 barracks that were in progress.  Our contractor had used similar methods as we use in the United States to place these decks in the barracks:  mixing the concrete in a mixer, using a concrete pump, vibrating the concrete in place and screeding/floating the deck in a pace to keep ahead of it setting.  In this case, however, I saw what I can only call a "regressive" technique, wherein the concrete was literally mixed in holes in the ground, carried by buckets to a trough that was dumped into and then hoisted to the roof deck, and then wheel barrowed or bucketed into place.  Iraqi men, working like ants, were all over the site.  Now, I will say, that this is not a technically inappropriate way to do this, and it can be successful, albeit from an era or two ago (and given the over-design inherent in these barracks there wasn’t a safety concern), but the thing that puzzled me most was I didn't see one quality control person checking to make sure that their concrete was being mixed correctly, that it was placed in a timely enough manner to make sure it was workable, and so forth, and I didn't see a US troop doing any level of quality assurance on this effort.  During my visit, although I didn't link-up in any way with him, CPT Green had visited the site, given what his soldiers told me.  This simply got me to wondering about him and his technical know-how and only reinforced that he was a tabbed out glorified infantry officer that was an Engineer by virtue of Army branching only.  I found this interesting, as I look back on it, in light of the monograph that he published related to work at CGSC (http://www.amazon.com/Professional-Military-Education-Todays-Captains/dp/1288306733).

So at this point I had done most of the on-the-ground work to determine the proximate cause of damage and worked out my findings and recommendations to the appointing authority.  The soldier in C Company, whom I was recommending be held accountable, had the opportunity to rebut my findings and recommendations, and he wisely did so (interestingly, as related to the NG and AR divide, one of the rebuttal points was that as a Reserve Officer I was trying to hold a NG soldier responsible because I was trying to force a State NG member to pay for damage to a Federal vehicle that was most likely going to go back to the states; note that the 389th ended up leaving its vehicles as stay-behind equipment, later used by NG, AR and Active soldiers).  This rebuttal process involved a couple back and forths to C Company, and during said visits, the soldier was often accompanied by an NCO, which I saw as a good thing overall, but there was a strong distrust that was behind it, and that wasn’t hidden from me.  After the rebuttal was done, I noted that I had forgotten to get one signature from the soldier, wherein he acknowledged his right to rebut and that he had taken that opportunity.  Not wanting to have an incomplete packet and wanting to ensure that his acknowledgement of his rights and his election to exercise them was properly recorded, I stopped in one last time to C Company’s command post (CP) in order to simply get the soldier to sign the applicable document right after chow one evening in March, as I was closing the effort.  And this is when and where I have the most poignant memory of Gerry Green that has been seared in my mind.

After asking the company charge of quarters (CQ) to call down to the platoon to see if the soldier was available, he did so and the platoon confirmed that the soldier in question would be promptly there.  I stood by while he made his way to the CP.  He arrived in a few minutes, absent an NCO, and I began to explain to him what I was asking him to sign, and so forth.  As I was in the midst of this, in came CPT Green, in a hurried state, with an absolute glare of disgust on his face.  Given the expression, I stopped explaining and addressed Gerry indicating what was up to and why I was speaking to his soldier.  To this Gerry stated, “Do what you have to do and get out of here.”  I tried to ease the obvious tension and said something to lighten the mood to only receive in return a retort from CPT Green of “Do what have to do, and get the #$%& out of here.”  So I finished with the soldier, who signed the document and he quickly departed after asking if there was anything else.  As I gathered the paperwork, the soldier having left the CP, Gerry quipped, “How un-professional”.  I don’t recall my response, if any, other than a look back at him trying to be conciliatory/showing a willingness give an explanation, and only got “get the #$%& out of my AO” or something to that effect.  I promptly departed at that point.

For those that know me, and even those that don’t really well, know that I take my professionalism fairly seriously.  Thus his assault on that professionalism was fairly memorable.  While his is not the only one, I will say it was probably the first that seared into my mind in such a meaningful way.  This really ticked me off, as the only real thing that one might have found “un-professional” was my lack of insisting that an NCO be present with the soldier or my impromptu drop in that may have resulted in that NCO’s absence in that particular instance.  And to that point, my reason for being there was the opposite of being unprofessional, in this light, as I was doing my part to “take care of the soldier” by ensuring his proper acknowledgement of his rights and his exercise thereof.  I also took great issue with his (CPT Green’s) pompous attitude and reproving assault on my character; which wasn’t helped by my general dislike of him as I has sized him up at that point.  So that evening in Baghdad in March 2004 stood out in my life as an unfinished, incomplete moment that needed resolution at some future point.

And several future points, after that night, were present.  The first came on Easter that year, where having come back from an in-theater edition of the Engineer Captains Career Course (ECCC), I was a bit buoyant in my typical optimistic attitude.  The moment wasn’t exactly perfect, but at the end of Easter services (one of the two times I saw him there), I made a point to say to him “Happy Easter” as he walked toward me.  Instead of replying, he simply pretended I didn’t exist and walked right past without an utterance.  The second opportunity came in late April, when all of those that had been a part of building “Baghdad Barracks” were called into the Brigade HQ to do an After Action Review (aka critique) on the design and construction of the identical buildings that were built on Basecamps throughout town.  Gerry and I were there, and as we sat and discussed this, I was my fairly normal self:  engaged in the conversation, providing feedback, and giving suggestions for improvement.  Gerry?  He was silent, not a word.  And his facial expression, any time I looked his way, was either showing boredom and disdain for his taking part in the session or demonstrating disgust and haughtiness at suggestions being offered, especially when I spoke.  Several times we looked directly at each other and I was trying to indicate my desire for him to either concur or provide a different viewpoint and there was never a response.  After the session was complete, before we could touch base, he was gone from the Brigade AO.  I must admit that I wasn’t trying very hard to reconcile with him, but then again, I wasn’t trying to be an ass either (he was frankly doing that well enough for both of us), and offering a door for us to meet out our differences.  After hearing from one of his fellow peers in the 203d (a female Captain who was in the ECCC with me), I am not fully surprised.  She described him as “intense” and not one that made efforts, even in their “family circle”, to make friends among peers.  So by the time we left, and left on this note, I had just gave up on making the wheel complete.

That said, it wasn’t complete.  At one point, while living in Northern Virginia, I saw him again.  Jackie and I, as a part of a trip to Potomac Mills shopping center, stopped into Chick-fil-A to eat one evening in Woodbridge.  And after getting food, we sat down, and across the room was Gerry and his family.  I am fairly sure if he saw me he was doing the same thing I did in reaction to this sighting; more or less pretend he didn’t exist.  I mentioned to Jackie about him but it did make me wonder what had gotten him from Missouri to Virginia.  Thanks to AKO, Google, and a number of other open source items, I was able to do a virtual catch-up on what he had been up to.  After Company Command, it seems he got into the Active Guard Reserve (AGR) program and had spent the vast majority of his time in various staff jobs.  At some point he opted to become a strategic planner (which is a Functional Area outside of the Engineer Branch) and after working at the MOARNG Headquarters (HQ), made his way to the National Guard Bureau (NGB) in Washington.  At the time was a fellow major (this must have been in the fall/early winter of 2011).  In late 2012 or early 2013, I did a follow-up on him when I was just being promoted to Lieutenant Colonel (LTC), and was somewhat gleeful to find that I now outranked him (even though he had been in full-time service and I was a part-time reservist).  Simply put I couldn’t really ever quite shake him from my mind, and this Spring I did a search again and noted that earlier this year he had gotten promoted to LTC and was still in town.  At one juncture I was going to ask a fellow hockey buddy of mine who works at NGB to check into him, but with the things that happened in my life since May, I had actually had nearly forgotten about him.  Then I read an article about him in last Monday’s Army Times.

In short, after reading this, I posted to Twitter the following, which I think sums it up rather well:  “Personal history here, when I read this I was blown away.  #justification #karma http://www.armytimes.com/article/20141030/NEWS/310300044”.  My emotional state at that time, and even now, is just one of burgeoning pride, joyful adulation, an “I told you so” type of gleeful contentment, at his being relieved and “caught” in his lie; one that I could only have truly guessed at in terms of magnitude of fabrication and “faking of the funk” that sensed from the get-go.  Not only was he “that type” (see above), he was a fake “that type” that had been, if these allegations are fully true, perpetuating a false persona for more than a decade.  And thinking back on this, even as I explained my feelings to my spouse as I reacted (simply saying “Wow!” several times over), it all makes sense.  His bluster at his subordinates, his unwillingness to connect with his peers (in my case and based on the other 203d officer I mentioned), and his near meek silence in group settings with superiors and others, was a protection mechanism from the truth coming out.

For those that have been near or involved with a “relief for cause” scenario, you know that the public reason is typically just the “straw that broke the camel’s back” reason for the action (unless it’s a simply egregious failure or heinous crime unto itself).  Illegally wearing a decoration isn’t an offense, in other words, that put soldiers in harm’s way, or potentially/actually causes serious damage to government property or the image of the overall military/USA.  So there is typically more to the story.  I am not sure who “turned him in” (there is some interesting comment feeds that suggest an E-6 NCO did, but I am not sure what I make of that), but his being relieved based on evidence of “sufficient misconduct” is certainly not just about the badges, it’s probably that someone, like me, saw through the façade and was in a position to finally put the charade to an end.  Part of me feels guilt at not confronting him and assailing myself to his charge against me.  But more of me simply relishes the fact that the person who so poignantly called me unprofessional, was never a professional in the first place; and now, especially, has no ground to stand on in impugning my character.  They say what comes around goes around and that you reap what you sow.  I am just glad that someone finally separated the wheat from the chaff here, and my ability to identify the chaff was more than justified in the case of soon to be, I am sure, Mr. Gerald H. Green.

Sunday, August 3, 2014

A Decision Made

A Decision Made

The beginning of this post is actually (not so) ancient history.  But let me make the “big reveal” first and then go from there.  Jackie and I are headed to the North Country of New York State in the coming months.  I recently accepted the position of the Director for the Construction Engineering Management Program at Clarkson University (http://www.clarkson.edu/cee/about/index.html) and Jackie is close to having worked out an arrangement to work in support of a Clarkson awarded grant executing the Great Lakes Fish Monitoring and Surveillance Program (http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/monitoring/fish/).  Both of these are exciting opportunities and involve returning “home” in many ways.

So let me begin a bit closer to the beginning.  One of my lifelong goals in my career is to return to an institution of higher learning and teaching in a construction engineering program.  Ideally this would have been Clarkson, but it could have been elsewhere.  I had always thought this would happen when I was in my 50s after a career of wide ranging experience in construction, engineering, buildings, and structures.  But there have been several signs over the last 4 years or so that have been pointing me in that direction.

Sometime in 2010, I received an email from my graduate adviser, W. Eric Showalter, at the Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T, formerly known as University of Missouri – Rolla and, even further back, Missouri School of Mines).  He let me know that Mr. Harold “Hod” Wagner, long time lecturer in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, was hanging up his hat, and retiring.  Hod’s plan was to transition the following spring (2011) and he (Eric) was on the prowl, if you will, for a replacement.  He was feeling me out in this regard, and it was tempting. 

Hod, not so coincidentally, is a person that I only knew in tertiary fashion in a former life.  His terminal Army assignment was to be the DPW of Fort Drum with the move of the 10th Mountain Division up from Fort Benning.  For those that are acquainted with the terms “Old Post” and “New Post” on Fort Drum (http://www.drum.army.mil/AboutFortDrum/Pages/History_lv2.aspx), Hod was the leader behind the mid/late 1980’s build that gave the 10th Mountain its home in the Adirondacks.  After this assignment, he went to work for a long standing engineering firm, C&S Companies (formerly Calocerinos and Spina Consulting Engineers) as the Construction Admin lead, in Syracuse, NY.  Here is where Hod and I ran into each other, as we met, only once, when he was up visiting on a trip looking for some new bright-eyed engineers to hire at, you named it, Clarkson.  Sadly, my life, similar to his back in the day, was already targeted at a military career thanks to the ROTC scholarship that helped me afford to go to my alma mater; so we never worked together then.  But almost a decade later, I was his student, compatriot as a TA, and we swapped not too few stories of construction and building in the Syracuse area.  So following in his footsteps and participating in a life-long goal was very attractive.  But one thing made it really unattainable at that point, and that was that Rolla, MO (while a town that Jackie and I have very fond memories about), was simply half a country away from our family in the central New York area and around the east coast.  So, after a pleasant chat with Eric, it was left that I hoped for the best of luck for his finding a person to take on this charge at MS&T.

So along I was going, at that point, at Joint Base Myer – Henderson Hall.  And after about a year into this assignment, it was clear, that while it had great potential, there was a problem that was simply not going to allow me to really make the difference that I was hoping to be able make.  The consequence was that going into the spring of 2011, I was contemplating finding another position.  So I made contact with a professor of mine, and now Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Chair, at Clarkson, Dr. Stefan Grimberg, to see what might be happening there in regards to the Construction program and what might work.  Spencer Thew, the person who taught me there, was still leading the Construction part of the department and wasn’t looking at retirement in the near term.  So an adjunct position might be there, but making the leap to Potsdam at that time (especially with the housing market not yet in recovery) was a “bridge too far”.  As things happened, I returned to George Mason to an exciting role as the Engineering Planner.  At that point, I figured it would be a long time until this idea would come up again, and things were set for a long, long run back at Mason.

So, as I said things at Mason were going well and with the departure of Bob Endebrock as the Director of Project Management and Construction on the Spring of 2013, I was hopeful for the opportunity to grow, learn and lead as a part of the Facilities team for a long time to come.  Come winter, after I wasn’t selected for that role, I was still hopeful, as there were changes happening and a real interesting role as the Deputy Director that was being envisioned, that I saw as a “perfect fit” for where I was looking to go in my career.  But then came something “out of the blue” …

On January 22, 2014, I got this message on Linked-In from Dr. Grimberg, Subject “CEM Director position at Clarkson”:

“Erik

Several years ago you inquired about job opportunities in the North Country and we finally are in a position to advertise for a full time position in our Construction Engineering Management program (https://clarkson.peopleadmin.com/postings/1703). I am not sure if you are still interested in [relocating] to the North Country but I thought I want to make you aware of this opportunity. If you need more information please call me.”

And with that, began a long wooing process that has led to our decision this past week.  As can be seen in the posting for this position, Clarkson had advertised for someone to take over this role in the January 2014 timeframe (so the search had occurred in the fall semester 2013).  But according to my follow-up phone call with Stefan, the candidates that had applied were simply not what they were looking for.  As I stated then, I was really not looking to move and there were things happening at Mason that seemed to indicate growth and wouldn’t involve a move.  But, it being my alma mater, and yes, a long term goal of mine, I sent a CV to him as a follow-up for consideration.  As things happened, it was my Greek organization’s 20th anniversary, so Jackie and I were headed up for a long weekend over Valentines, and I indicated that I would be there for a face-to-face on this opportunity.  As things have it, in the winters of DC and Northern NY, weather did not cooperate, and our effort to be there early enough for this to happen was thwarted.  So we simply looked for another time to chat.

About a month and a half later, I was on the phone with the search committee discussing the position.  While there was certainly some give and take in this late March discussion, it was clear that they were doing their best to allay my fears more than I allaying theirs.  Aside from the positional concerns or challenges, one of the largest that loomed in my thinking was “What about Jackie?”  No offense to the North Country of New York (or upstate NY generally), but compared with the Washington, DC area, the opportunities for both of us, especially Jackie, are exceptionally narrow.  So thinking through this I was constantly looking at what would happen with her.  In talking about this with the committee, Dr. Amy Zander put it in the best engineering terms:  “the two body problem.”  The interview ended with, let’s wait and see what happens with Mason and talk in the late April/early May time-frame about where things sat, understanding that they may simply move on to the next person.

Now that I had this conversation, and it was clear that Clarkson was more recruiting me than considering me, I needed to have a candid conversation with the folks at Mason, specifically the VP of Facilities, Tom Calhoun.  So I asked and was able to talk to him about this and was honest in saying that my heart was with Mason, but this is something that I had in the background.  I wanted to know that there was a place in the leadership in the re-org and the time-frame of that.  He assured me that there were going to be opportunities and he had two that in mind that might fit best.  It was greatly up to me to decide which way to go, but that he had some thoughts he shared.  And when time frames were discussed, it was his assertion that in the next couple months they would be making the requisite moves.  So, content, I simply stood by, occasionally asking Cathy Wolfe, my boss, what the status was.  I didn’t hide the fact that there was a recruiting activity happening in the background, but I also wasn’t greatly pursuing it as I waited.

So by the end of April, it was getting to be some time on, and Clarkson didn’t let up.  Come late April the chair of the search committee, Dr. Kerop Janoyan, inquired where things were at and I got an email from Dr. Michelle Crimi wondering what was happening given that she heard I had applied for this position at Clarkson.  Michelle, who had returned to Clarkson and was now on the Faculty, and I had some history, as we both served as officers of CUSA (Clarkson University Student Association).  She indicated that “It would be GREAT to have you back!!!!”  Knowing her to be a “straight shooter” I asked if we could chat about how this worked for her, and especially for her spouse.  She indicated that Clarkson, if they really wanted us, would make it work for us.  She explained that things hadn’t always been copacetic with how things had worked for her husband, but that there was some great willingness to find solutions for him.  This was beyond helpful as time went on and things at Mason were still in limbo.

So, after two months, and having a vacation planned anyhow, I took a trip up to the North Country to spend time in peace and quiet at Boyd Pond (where our family’s property is at in the nearby town of Russell) and I got a chance to do the face-to-face that had been contemplated in February.  It was great to see Spence and the new Construction team members that I hadn’t met, Bill and Jared.  Likewise, I met with Kerop and Stefan.  By the end of the day, the core question for me was, “so what can we do to get you here?”  So I stated it plainly to Stefan; that the answer lied with Jackie and her having a place that worked for her career.  He asked me to have her provide a resume and some information on what positions she would prefer, and that he would seek things out, as best he could, to meet those objectives.  To be candid, I figured that there were certainly some teaching opportunities, but since Jackie really isn’t enthralled with that, we may not get to resolution here.  Regardless, prior to Memorial Day, we sent along her information and were back in a “wait and see” mode.

Back at Mason, I let it be known that they were pressing things on the Clarkson side (through Cathy), with the hope, honestly, that they would “get off the dime” on the re-org and the future.  I was assured it was just a matter of a week or two and things were going to be clear.  But it wasn’t until very end of June that the modified Deputy Director position was put out, and while it was an internal search, there was the need to apply and so forth.  I did this, but almost simultaneously Clarkson did something I was simply not expecting:  find something that was frankly more career enhancing for Jackie than my opportunity was for me.

Jackie, for those that do not know, is an environmental chemist who works in the area of waste-water compliance consulting.  As an analytical chemist she manages and develops testing programs for major industrial clients to comply with the Clean Water Act.  Among the pollutants she has great expertise in developing compliance solutions for is mercury and other heavy metals.  While she does work nationwide (and even internationally), many of her clients are in the Great Lakes Basin, and she has great experience in aiding in the treatment of waste water streams in this area.  This is critical to this discussion, as Clarkson offered her the opportunity to back-fill the post-doc position on the Great Lakes Fish Monitoring and Surveillance Program for the EPA, which is “right up her alley” in this respect.  You see, this puts her at the front edge of the research that relates to the standards that she has been executing compliance and treatment work for years.  This will put her in the position to become not merely a compliance expert, but be the research and compliance expert in an area of effort that is exceptionally meaningful.  So, when I mention that this was “unexpected”, the unexpected piece is that Jackie simply has not only a good opportunity, but an exceptional one.  And thus, it is, and was, a game changer.  After years of her following my career in several respects, this was something that was more about her than either of us, and worthy of us really considering it as the default move.  And after a short visit this past week, we are solidly on the path to the North Country.

As I have said in the past, the best choices in my life have come when it simply made sense.  Whether this be to take the ROTC scholarship, or to leave active duty the first time to pursue a graduate degree, or to move to Washington and join the Mason team the first time (back in 2006), these have been less willful and more a willing choice of change.  This has that feel of calling that is unique; one that has taken more than 6 months for me to hear, but gladly is one that is sweet music to Jackie’s hearing.  Without a doubt our nearly two decade absence from the winters of the North Country and New York (beyond visits), will require a serious thickening of our blood.  But, being winter sports fans, and hockey fans specifically, living in Potsdam (with 3 ice rinks for a village of 10,000 residents; and, yes, Golden Knights Hockey!) will be a great place to get ice time.  Also, this will bring us a lot closer to our families (2.5/3 hours instead of at least 7 to Syracuse) and, with that, greater ease.  We are going to miss many things about living “in the big city” and about our jobs here in the DC area.  The convenience of shopping, the culture and engagement, the urban lifestyle, working at the up and coming University and full time at the heart of one of the largest environmental consulting firms in the world, the diversity, the sizable church options and expressions, seats at the Caps games, and especially those we have come to know and have friendships while here in NOVA.  But the lack of traffic, the slower pace of life, the ability to reconnect with old friends and colleagues, the literal homestead of the Backus clan, and the familiar environs of our past, beckon us forth.  Change isn’t easy, even if it is what seems right.


In conclusion, we have made a tough decision; one we hope is right.  We are indeed lucky to have options, and this is exciting, frightening, joyful, and sorrowful all at once.  Certainly we remember that the journey that got us to this decision isn’t easy, nor will the journey after.  We also know, however, that we are blessed to have the chance to take the path.  Thanks to all those we have met on the journey for your love, and hopes, and prayers.  We certainly pray for you to also have a path that enables your future to be bright too.

Saturday, June 14, 2014

Losing Iraq?

Losing Iraq?


I have been, over the last few days, enthralled with the news coming out of Iraq.  This is not to say that I have enjoyed it, but it is to say that I have been very alert to it.  This actually isn't a “just this week” thing, it’s been months, and years in the making.  So, I went ahead and posted to twitter/Facebook, Fareed Zakaria’s analysis of the situation as of yesterday morning (http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fareed-zakaria-who-lost-iraq-the-iraqis-did-with-an-assist-from-george-w-bush/2014/06/12/35c5a418-f25c-11e3-914c-1fbd0614e2d4_story.html).  I typically find his opinions and prognostications to be “spot on” and in this case he is very close.  Being an Iraqi War vet, it is inevitable that I will be asked my opinion in the coming days, so this is meant to beat you all to the punch.  This is how I see it from my point of view; there are certain to be others and they are sure to be different.  Take it, leave it, but here we go:

To start with, let me express my thoughts on the origin of our involvement in Iraq in 2003 onward.  After the events of September 11, 2001, the world changed.  We, for really good reasons, took on the mantle of fighting a "Global War on Terrorism" (GWOT).  This, like the eradication of high seas piracy in the 19th century[i], is a task that is necessary and the right thing to do.  Such an effort is not a war against a nation-state but instead a concerted multi-national effort that leads to the extermination of a global order disease which time has finally come to an end.  Terrorism, as a tactic, had great growth in the Cold War era as a means to engage in low level conflict and protest, short of conventional war and creating the direct involvement of nation-states against each other.  Such proxy actions grew in frequency, level of lethality, and broadness of application (across a full spectrum of cultures, locations, and prefaces).  This is an important distinction, as part of my great support for fighting a GWOT, in that it has a moral and more universal calling. 

Our actions in Afghanistan, therefore, in 2002, to go after those that perpetrated the act against us on 9-11, were the right things to do.  We needed to demonstrate our resolve, to garner the world's rage against this immoral tactic (that was let to continue for way too long), put those on notice that had sponsored such a tactic (or tacitly allowed it to exist), and build a wide coalition that was galvanized and built to engage in combat through the full spectrum of national and non-national power (Diplomacy, Information, Military, and Economics).  But when the administration turned to the next battle that needed to be fought in this "Long War", it was (and remains decidedly my opinion) that Iraq was not the right field of battle to be fought on.  Such an effort, GWOT, should never have been pigeon-holed into "Islamic fundamentalist" terrorism, and regardless if we never uttered that prefix, going into another Middle Eastern country as the next front we were going to open, spoke loudly that we had narrowed the scope of our effort and its universal calling was lost.  Now we had to defend our actions against the assertion that we were fighting a war on Islam itself.  Now we couldn't easily defend against an assertion that we were simply seeking a geopolitical play to insert and dominate the Middle East in a way not seen since the colonial era.  Now we showed that it was hollow rhetoric that the GWOT would be not fought only with military forces but through numerous other forms of action.  Now we had to make a guard action against critics that we were using this as a means to secure natural resources (a.k.a. Oil).  And now we lost the goodwill and universality that was behind us only two years earlier, leaving us with cobbling together a “Coalition of the Willing” of Britain (our always stalwart ally) and a group of “up and comer” states or those that could hardly be called world players in the least.

While it is a clear counter-factual to put it forward, my answer to what to do after assaulting the Taliban and Al Queda in Afghanistan is to have confronted a number of other terrorist issues the world round.  Our next battlefield (since we had the initiative and choice) would have been better served if we had taken on FARC in South America, Shining Tigers in Sri Lanka, engaged in meaningful actions in several sub-Saharan African states, or worked to aid our British allies in its final and complete resolution and reconciliation of the winding down conflict over Northern Ireland.  And while these would be superb places to choose, my personal favorite action would have been to address the narco-terrorism just south of our border in Mexico and Central America.  Alas we didn't make this choice, and instead chose to settle an old score with a rogue leader, who was clearly villainous and stubbing nose at the international community.  Did he have weapons of mass destruction?  Well after a long drawn out drama and search, we are left wanting in that answer.  Regardless of all the reasons we can now justify the decision to go into Iraq (and I admit at some point we needed to contend with Saddam Hussein and his regime), in the context of the GWOT, I just can’t say that it was the correct next strategic move.

So, I have made my position clear on the choice to go into Iraq.  But when we chose to do that, did we really understand the implications?  I am not going to comment here on the sales job used to get the American public and other leaders (Congress et. al.) to go along with it, as that is a topic for another day.  Instead, I am talking about what we did to plan for the effort once it was the decision made.  Secretary of State and GEN Colin Powell infamously stated the “Pottery Barn rule: You break it, you own it.” in regards to the implications of invading Iraq and taking over the county as a warning in the drum up to this invasion[ii].  So if we look back at the run up and planning for the action we took, much was done, and I remember it greatly as we fixated on Operations Plan 10-03 and its developing variant (10-03V), in late 2002 and early 2003.  Much of the talk and thinking was that when we invaded we would be met with open arms, the well-educated Iraqi population would take over the task of governing themselves, oil revenues would subsidize and pay for the effort as well as the Iraqi led rebuilding effort, and we would build a grateful democratic ally in the very center of the Middle East.  This narrative fit well into the neo-con anti-nation building mantra.  Thus all planning efforts focused on the invasion and military conquest, and limited if any effort was made to plan for “the day after”.  Actually, I can recall those who questioned our lack of thinking-though our involvement after the invasion, as being told a mantra like “we are going to take as much risk leaving as we are in going in[iii]” or getting askance looks if they were to suggest that we would have to engage in a meaningful rebuilding and security effort once the conventional war ended.  GEN Eric Shinseki was famously ostracized by Paul Wolfowitz for his comment that it would take “something in the order of several hundred thousand soldiers” to pacify and control Iraq after the invasion[iv].  So, when it comes to my thoughts on the conduct of the invasion and the efforts in the early days of the Iraq war, I have to relay one of my most poignant stories from June 2003 in Baghdad.

Our unit, a Combat Heavy Engineer Battalion, was the first of its kind to make its way to Baghdad as a part of TF Iron (part of 1st Armor Division) who followed the 3d Infantry Division in the northern invasion thrust.  After leading the first convoy north from Kuwait in the very early hours of June 1st, A Company had worked for a couple weeks on building a bed down site in what was formerly a field, literally a mine field, asking each day what our mission was to be.  And just before I was temporarily reassigned for a special mission in downtown Baghdad rooting out insurgents, we held a meeting with the Company leadership.  Paul Drezen, the Company Commander, having now heard the inquiry of each of his platoon leaders and platoon sergeants at least a dozen times ask, “what is our mission” or “what is the plan”, was simply frustrated to his limit (and the daily temps warming up well past the upper 90s and low 100s without a stitch of A/C may have also had something to do with it).  In this meeting, one of the leadership team again asked this question, and Paul, in utter frustration, launched an apple across the room and yawped “there is no fucking plan!”  In a nutshell, that is the reality of the situation for the first 6 to 9 months after “major combat operations” had ended[v].  After doing some minimal tasks and fill-in work, at one point, one of my soldiers finally had enough and spoke out talking about his being “Underemployed in Iraq” in a letter to the editor of Stars and Stripes[vi].  Thus the truth is that no one minded Powell’s advice and even made the attempt to recognize the need for a plan and the ownership for fixing the broken Iraq once we had opted to invade.

Now that I have taken on two points, and have been rather honest in my not being enthralled with the choice to center on Iraq as the next point of attack or with the planning for the occupation, I need to square this with my taking part and following orders as a loyal soldier.  Let’s start with an old euphemism:  “Our job is not to ask how or why, but to do or die.”  I am an Army Officer, and as such I have sworn a very sacred oath (I said I swore to God).  Let me relay that Oath to you, verbatim, as I uttered it on May 17, 1997:  “I, Erik C. Backus, having been appointed an officer in the Army of the United States, as indicated above in the grade of O-1, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservations or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office upon which I am about to enter; So help me God.”  Regardless of my personal or political feelings, my reasoning or any emotional calling I may feel, I have made a promise, and if I learned nothing from the character given to me from my years in scouting and leadership, your promise is what make you who you are.  So when you talk to soldiers, especially soldiers who are called to be leaders, we understand that once all of the debating is done, it is time for us to salute, adopt the decision, and execute as if it was our own idea, with passion, violence, and vigor.  Nothing is less true for me and this effort.  I had and have my qualms on whether it was the right decision, I may know that the plan is utterly flawed and devoid of needed resources to ensure victory, and I personally simply may not want to go (and trust me getting the call that I was being deployed on valentine’s day weekend in 2003 was a serious downer; never mind spending my wife’s birthday at Fort Leonard Wood getting my collective stuff together); but I am a man of honor, and I am honor bound to do my duty.  That oath I swore says that I will support and defend the constitution, and to do that I have to obey the will of the people (the document starts with “We the people …” after all) and not my personal whims and judgments, at least in regards to whether I hazard to obey those authorities.  Several high profile cases have occurred where others have forgotten this oath and this sacred duty and tried to shirk or obviate from it.  Regardless of my reservations, I would not be caught ever as being disloyal in that way, nor should we ever let those that have taken the office I have taken, do so (for if we do, we allow the prerogative of one to trump the will of the people, and that is antithetical to the core of the American democratic experiment).

I have now used very lofty and noble terms have talked about my military service and how I have approached being an Officer in the US Army, especially in my taking up the mandate of serving in a war zone, in Iraq.  But, I think I am part of the problem; well actually, I think everyone else has the problem, I just think that my attitudes effect everyone else’s problem.  The problem I am talking about, and it relates to our getting into Iraq, the prosecution of any concerted national effort, war or otherwise, is that we have a 1% problem.  By 1% I am not talking to an economic number.  I am talking to a much more (potentially) insidious problem, the percentage of those that have taken an oath and put themselves in the position to be a bullet catcher and/or a bullet shooter on behalf of “We the People”.  Sebastian Junger talks about this, in his discussion of how some soldiers who take on this mandate deal with the emotional, mental, and psychological effects of combat when they come back home[vii].  This 1% represents those that have the level of commitment I have, and have actioned on it.  It is also a testament to how our society has changed in the last 75 years.  The idea that we all hold such a sacred duty has been diluted; and as such the common person’s understanding and appreciation of the service rendered is equally lost.  This is a dangerous thing.  It isn't dangerous because we need to broaden military service; it’s dangerous because we have failed to broaden and inculcate a culture of selfless service.  To this point, when we look back to the days, weeks, and months after the attacks of 9-11, the number one question Americans, and the vast majority globally, asked was “How can we serve?”  The answer given was “go out and buy a Chevy.”  That isn't exactly what we were asking, I am certain of it.  But it speaks to the problem.  Our leaders have sold us a new definition of what civic virtue is all about; it’s a definition that this virtue is fungible.  It neglects the self-reflection required to require sacrifice.  And as a consequence it is easy for the 99% to be persuaded to commit the sacrifice of a small minority to a mission of futility, error, or success.  And this translates well beyond military service (whether it be foreign service, the peace corps, inner city education, border security, or any other niche effort that requires giving up comfort and your life for a greater cause).  And what I am postulating here is that because of this loss of core values of universal sacrifice and service (beyond and without a value that can be substituted), going headlong into a new war or understanding the implications of our domestic or foreign policy is a task that we, as a people, are ill equipped to handle.  And it is those that have made sacrifices that are the odd ones out, and to some extent (because we have continued to buoy the facade that we can go on this way) are why we went into and out of Iraq/Afghanistan the way we have.

This then turns me to another part of my thoughts on the last weeks’ worth of news on Iraq.  When I was deployed for my second tour, our Brigade commander gathered the entire headquarters for a discussion and talked about our mission and how our efforts would be long studied and remembered given the impacts we had made on Iraq.  Without question this commander was brilliant, and was adroit in citing the long view of history as it related to what he was discussing.  He hearkened back to the Roman Empire and reasoned that one of the things that led to the failure of the Roman largess was that they began to show weakness and that the “barbarians” outside the borders of the Empire smelled it[viii].  This thesis is not without merit, but you need to be mindful of the setting of the “show of weakness”.  To cut to the quick here, if there is a goal to prevent the demise of American influence on world events, we need to watch, ameliorate, and control our hubris and our ethnocentrism as Americans.  Certainly I believe that the US is the best nation that has ever existed in the history of the earth.  And I am not discounting that we have much much more to offer.  That doesn’t mean, however, that we ought to pick fights/put ourselves into situations where we risk our leading position and ability to enable humanity at large to enjoin us in our march towards freedom, liberty and progress.  It means we need to be the beacon on the hill that the world is drawn to, rather than the spot light in their face that blinds them.  This is why not every fight is our fight, not every problem is ours to solve.  And we have to remember our principles are the core piece and not only the government form that is supposed to protect them.  So an Iraq, Haiti, Thailand, or a Kenya may have a way to get themselves to a just state that honors the rule of law through a very different way than getting people to the voting booth.  It certainly means that we need to hold up our example of republican government as an ongoing experiment, one that is in constant need of maintenance, and not the end-all be-all of political systems.  And it means that we can’t continue to spew out hollow, unsupported largess the world round, as the thin veiled shell that is created by such bellicose invites a test of our resolve and will surely find it wanting in one place or another.  We need to under promise, over execute, and recognize our true strength is in our character as a people; a character that others can aspire to obtain.

Let us, then, talk about inspiration.  I served two tours in Iraq.  The first, from 2003-2004, was the one that started without a plan, and went on to fail to stop rioting/looting, dismiss the Iraqi Army enmasse, engage in a systematic campaign of deBaathification, fail to bring the resources to bear to be able to re-build and build a sustainable economy, and resulted in the start of widespread unrest as I was departing in May 2004.  Succinctly, on the whole, this was not inspirational.  And as I watched from the US for the next 3 years, the story didn't really change, as what appeared to be happening was just spiraling to an ever increasingly challenging situation.  But, the story was not over.  After recognizing the reality was different than the dream, the administration under the leadership of voices that converted from “never do nation building” to another place, proposed one massive push to turn the tide and re-engage in a new way.  “Take, hold, build” was the mantra, and a brilliant leader, who hadn't followed the trend in the first year of the war that everyone else had, was appointed to lead the charge: GEN David Petreaus.  Using his on-the-ground experience in northern Iraq (when he was a division commander of the famed 101st Air Assault Division), armed with a new set of doctrines that were gleaned from the annals of history, and given the actual resources to make the difference that was needed, he, with the team assembled around him and the country of Iraq, was able to turn the war on its head during “The Surge”.  In the 18 months that started in the spring of 2007, every major indicator was adjusted in a positive direction.  Bridges got built, unemployment went down, security was established, and Iraq started working again.  This was inspiring and it was the right thing to do (even if I was somewhat jaded about its possibilities at the outset).

What I am trying to relay by discussing the Surge, and my part in it, is that one of the most powerful things we can do as Americans is make space for success.  COL James Coggin, the Brigade Commander of 3d Training Brigade in 1997-1999, spoke of it as “creating an environment for success”.  As I articulated above, we can’t expect every culture, people or nation to follow our path to the high ground.  We can, however, give them the safe space, the boundaries of protection, and the seeds that allow their version of the liberty tree to grow.  But it ultimately is up to them, up to those people to do it.  We can drill the well, we can provide the water purification system, we can train them on how to maintain it, and we can pipe the water that comes out of the system to their homes, but we can’t make them drink it (a modern way of saying, “you can bring a horse to water, but can’t force it to drink”).  The leadership the world craves is this creating space, its enabling a surge, but it isn't dictating our terms.  Our unrivaled rise to power in the 20th century was based upon building alliances, meeting on common ground, and ultimately being the “convener in chief”[ix].  And as we look to how we fight the GWOT, we can’t forget that this is what we do best, and it is also the way that we have been able to create a pervasive world order that serves us well while also letting others go their own way.

So this brings us to my comments on the ever present counter-factual question of “should we have stayed?”  Frankly, I don’t know.  But my sense is that if we couldn't get a SOFA that protected those of us who were going to be there to continue the effort, it wasn't worth staying.  I reiterate, what we can do best is give the space, we can get them to the edge of the lake, but we can’t make them swim in it.  And while the current administration should have certainly pressed to the Nth degree to enable us to follow-up on the strategic victory we had in the Surge, there is also a point to be made that we have to cut the umbilical cord at some point.  And we also have to recognize that a Marshall Plan like solution in Iraq was simply not in the offing for numerous reasons[x].  So we need to level with ourselves about what kinds of commitments we make.  To that end, we are where we are in regards to not having troops in Iraq, less by desire and more by pragmatic realities; realities we can no-longer ignore lest we sacrifice more of our future.  Thus I go back to we have to be much more introspective and clear about those battles we are going to fight or those efforts we are going to take on.

Now back to the news of the week.  Is Iraq lost?  The one thing that I take issue with in Fareed’s analysis is the imminent and ultimate collapse of the present Iraqi state.  Surely the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) taking “control” of Mosul and Tikrit, and making its way south, is troubling and doesn't spell a good outcome.  The struggle, however, is far from over.  Just this morning, reports were that Shia Arab Iraqis were answering the call to arms issued by Ayatollah Sistani.  Likewise, it is certain that the Kurds in Northern Iraq are not going to succumb to this insurgent group, and may be more than willing to come down from the hills and thwart their gains.  So, I am not so certain we can call the game before it’s played here.  I am certain it will be a mess and bloody.  And it will be something that will not comfort any of us who did our best to build an Iraq that could execute the power brokering as well as the political and sectarian resolutions needed to be a beacon of stability in the Middle East.  But in the end, I would not be surprised if a stable nation state emerged from the ashes, and perhaps that is the way it has to be.  Unless we intend to make Iraq a part of the United States unilaterally, we have little choice but to accept it isn't up to us what the Iraqi future is.  Not jumping back in does not mean we failed before, nor does ISIS pressing its way through the country.  It just means we have to let it play out for and with the Iraqi’s themselves.

What I am struck by, as I conclude, is how Fareed continues to hit issues on their head.  One of my favorite texts by him is “The Future of Freedom:  Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad”.  I first read this text just after arriving home in 2004 from Iraq.  Its concluding chapter, the afterword, is entitled “The 51st State”[xi].  Fareed in a few pages provides an erudite analysis of the situation with the invasion and its immediate aftermath.  He then goes on to provide a prognostication based upon the fundamental thesis of the book (that democracy follows the development of a constitutional structure and rule of law, not the other way around).  He writes: “In the next year or two, it will likely seem that democracy in Iraq is working.  A new government will be formed.  Elections will be held.  Hope will fill the air.  But that does not necessarily mean that democracy in Iraq will last.  The decay of democracy usually takes place a few years after the birth.  It can be prevented, of course, and the United States should do all it can to make democracy stick.  But ultimately it is Iraqis who will build the new Iraq.”  I think we have done what we could, it was a noble and worthwhile effort even given its mistaken origins, and I couldn't agree more with his ultimate conclusion.




[i] For a great discussion of this connection, see Caleb Carr's “The Lessons of Terror:  A History of Warfare Against Civilians: Why It Has Always Failed and Why It Will Fail Again”, written in 2002
[ii] From Bob Woodward’s “Plan of Attack” in 2004
[iii] In October 2002 I was lucky enough to get an opportunity to attend my War-Trace conference with the 36th Engineer Brigade (then stationed at Fort Benning) and was read in on the base OPLAN 10-03, which was then under review.  In speaking with the FORSCOM Engineer he spoke to this very attitude.
[iv] See Shinseki’s Testimony and http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/28/us/threats-responses-military-spending-pentagon-contradicts-general-iraq-occupation.html
[v] I’m referring to the “Mission Accomplished Speech” by President George W. Bush on May 1, 2003
[vi] By Justin Stenger, a talented soldier and hard worker who wanted nothing more than to make a contribution for the good of his country; http://www.stripes.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor-for-wednesday-november-19-2003-1.14619
[vii] If you have any desire to really start to get at the perspective of solders who have been engaged in combat in the modern age in Afghanistan and Iraq, you need to read “War” by Sebastian.  Probably the best journalism/book that I have ever encountered on the perspective of a soldier like myself in how we see ourselves and the wars we have fought.
[viii] BG Peter “Duke” Deluca, channeling Edward Gibbon and “The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”
[ix] For example:  Eleanor Roosevelt and the process that led to the UN Charter
[x] If we look at the comparisons between 2010 and 1945, several things come to light:  1) After the devastation of WWII, the US was largely untouched, and as a result was the only remaining world power that had the ability to produce goods in mass quantities without massive investments.  Thus, we were in an enviable economic situation, without rival (the USSR, especially east of the Urals, also was not as devastated, but its industrial centers were set back at least a decade).  In 2010, the story was and remains different.  China and India, among others, are in serious competition with us economically, and our savings reserves are non-existent.  2) Iraq/Afghanistan are not Europe.  By this I mean, all of the European states were rebuilding in a cultural context similar to our own and thus the ability to resurrect democratic governance, rule of law, religious and cultural norms was much less foreign and relatable to the common American.  The Middle East continues to represent a distinctly different world than ours, and while there are connections, they are much more tenuous and hard to relate.  3) Europe in 1945 didn't have a trust fund status.  By this I mean, there wasn't some signature natural resource that was needed by the world that was going to be argued over and cause a societal rift.  Iraq’s oil is a blessing and a curse in this regard.  4) Europe had settled the religious divide question in Christianity after an exhaustive period that it had no desire to repeat.  The Middle East has been prevented from having the conflict required to resolve the Sunni/Shia rift, first by the Ottomans, then by the Sykes-Picot European creation, and then by the overshadow of the Cold War.  We are now seeing the outbursts of this pent-up sectarian conflict and its center is in the heart of the British created Iraq.
[xi] And this title is very telling in regards to a “showing weakness” thesis requiring our continual open ended commitments.  It hasn't been since the entry of Hawaii and Alaska that we have added a star to our flag.  If nothing else, perhaps we need to recognize that unless we seek to literally annex states, perhaps we need to rethink how we demonstrate resolve short of annexation and in a way that enables us to do it in a sustainable manner.

Sunday, June 1, 2014

Design – The Difference between Architects and Engineers

True Story:  this idea came to me in a dream last night.  It is a well-known fact that the two leading professions in the built environment, Engineers and Architects, think very differently and approach the challenge of answering how to build something from completely different angles.  Architects center their approach on the arts, while Engineers focus on the science and mathematics of the problem (if you will one is right brained and the other left brained).  And this dream also brought me back to a statement that my boss, an Architect, Cathy Wolfe stated in a meeting the other day, that when it comes to design (that part of either profession that needs creativity and iterative analysis) Engineers and Architects approach that very differently too.  She said that for Architects, “the design is defined early in the process and the rest is simply documentation.”  While for Engineers, she expressed, “they see design occurring throughout the process, and not complete until the end”.  Now enter my dream last night, where my mind literally re-entered this conversation again.  So in this dream, I envisioned my explaining this using an analogy of a Stone Sculptor/Architect or a Lego builder/Engineer.

David by Michelangelo (photo found at ducksters.com)

Let’s start with the Stone Sculptor.  Michelangelo is attributed in saying that “[i]n every block of marble I see a statue as plain as though it stood before me, shaped and perfect in attitude and action. I have only to hew away the rough walls that imprison the lovely apparition to reveal it to the other eyes as mine see it.”  After reflecting on this question of how Architect’s think about design, I more and more see that they design in the same terms as Michelangelo speaks of sculpting marble.  They establish a vision for what the structure or landscape is intended to be, and then simply work to describe and dictate what it is they already see in their minds eye.  And like a sculptor who uses his hammer and chisel to tap and chip and scrape away at the stone, Architects use color, and materials, and texture to hew a creation out of the earth.  The design is complete in the vision they have, and it’s a matter of documenting and bringing out the tactile reality that they see.  And it isn’t a violation of the “design” of something to tweak the precise elements of the structure or place to enable the vision they have to come to fruition, because they work towards the whole rather than trying to sum the parts.  The ultimate form is well defined, and the function fits within that context that is assumed to meet the needs presented.

David by Michelangelo made of Legos (photo found on funchannel.net)

Now on the other hand, let’s talk about the Engineer.  The engineer is all about the pieces the parts, the individual component and how it works and how it works together.  He has specific parts to pick from, a box of Legos to use to build his structure.  The color isn't critical, but it doesn't mean Engineers are blind to obvious poor aesthetics.  Building with Legos is all about one piece at a time, one thing after another, forming the answer, in a repeatable process.  It is iterative, and it is a system of systems, to an engineer, that makes the whole.  The function of each component addresses a specific need, solves a specific problem, which enables the most needs to be answered at the same time.  Several bricks can be used, but analysis dictates the “right” brick to match established patterns, best practices, and the inter-operability of the several systems that have to come together to meet the desired result.  Making a change in a brick selection is simply a “re-design” of the system.  Thus the design of something is not ever complete, as optimization and valuation builds one step to the next and can always be refined, always lubricated with creative juice, to perfect each individual piece to the point that the sum is the “well-oiled machine” they dream about.  Design for an engineer, is “an iterative process of trial and error, using rules of thumb and requiring experience” as I was told in my Structural Analysis lecture by John Thomsen.  And because of this drive to make perfect and optimize, Engineers are risk averse, they build in safety factors, they study failure obsessively to avoid it at all costs, and the idea of running to a vision on a whim is more than frightening, it’s apocryphal.  This, however, is wholly a human endeavor, as “[t]o Engineer is Human” as Dr. Henry Petroski plies in his well-read history of human achievement found in failure.


So as my unconscious was speaking to me, I gravitated to the need to share this image of a Lego Builder vice the Stone Sculptor.  I see both approaches as extremely valuable and valid.  The challenge is using the word “design” can oft be misused and misunderstood between Engineers and Architects.  Ideas about who ought to control what parts of a “design” are also challenging because on one side there is but one design and the other a process of design.  Frankly it requires a person who can hold both spheres in the tension and excitement that they make as the come together, to be able to maximize the creativity yielding the best results.  Vision and process cannot stand alone, and those that are “middle brained” can see how they interact and come together.  Perhaps the best start in this is recognizing how we see our mutual crafts, which I think these proxies can help us do.

Saturday, March 8, 2014

A Workman Need Not be Ashamed

 “A Workman That Needeth Not to be Ashamed”
Original Motto of Clarkson University, from 2 Timothy 2:15 (KJV)


Recently, our University President Angel Cabrera[i] has posted on the topic of the utility of a collegiate education.  For instance, a few weeks back he posted on his blog, using the title “Skipping college by choice is a very, very bad idea” (http://president.gmu.edu/2014/02/skipping-college-by-choice-is-a-very-very-bad-idea), which was in response to an editorial by the New York Times Editorial Board entitled “Making College Pay”[ii].  And last Sunday night he even posted to his twitter feed (@CabreraAngel) the following, “Bayesian statistics: even if many Oscar winners didn't finish college, it's still very difficult to do well without going to college.”

Let me be succinct in saying that I concur with President Cabrera.  That if I were a betting man and played the numbers, someone who pursues a college degree and attains it, will indeed have a higher median salary, more stable employment picture, and often times has an easier time “doing well”.  I also strongly support that we ought to be encouraging America’s youth to seek collegiate attainment as a life goal.  I take umbrage, however, at the rather surface level analysis of the “college degree or not” argument, because I truly believe that, while collegiate attainment is a significant marker of “success”, it is a very slipshod one.

Let us first start with a fact that I can certainly prove anecdotally in my own experiences, but can be likewise born out in statistics.  That fact is, that not every human being has the cognitive capabilities nor has the necessary drive to make it into and/or succeed at a course of collegiate study.  As an analysis tool, let’s start with the bane of every collegiate applicant’s existence, standardized tests, as a way to look at the ability of any one person to even enter the college scene.  Below are two scatter plots from two collegiate institutions that show admissions in a graph comparing ACT/SAT score against GPA:


CUNY Hunter College

Richard Stockton College
GPA, Test Scores for Admission[iii]

These two charts easily illustrate the point I am making in regards to who can enter the gates of collegiate education.  In both examples those with relatively low GPA and low SAT/ACT are not selected while those that have the opposite are selected; no deep revelation there.  But it does bespeak the fact that not all have the capabilities to join the college and university ranks, which goes straight to the point that while college attainment is a very worthwhile goal, we cannot fit all people into that box.  Even more illustrative is the following two analyses that show the challenges of college attainment based on economic status and ethnicity (see the following charts).


Parental Income v. SAT Score[iv]

SAT Math Scores Distribution by Ethnicity[v]

One of the key points to also be made here is that correlation does not, necessarily, mean causation (as articulated in the article for the source of the income graph).  Clearly correlation does reveal things that need to be tested to be validated as a causation, but like with income disparity (where a poor student that has high aptitude and drive can overcome the odds), there are other factors that may prove that the level of collegiate education in your life does not always relate to your income attainment, well-being, and so forth.  It is also clear that part of a collegiate experience is not merely the academic attainment piece, but the life skills capability and learning that happens in social, professional and other non-academic settings that simply may make some people unable to successfully navigate University life even if they get there[vi].

Now that we have gone over the aptitude of individuals to go to college, let us next turn to a discomforting fact that not all degrees are created equal.  The following chart from a Forbes article from last fall is illustrative of this fact.


Average Starting Salaries by Discipline[vii]

As is illustrated here, there is a wide disparity in starting salary between someone who pursues and completes a degree in Engineering or Computer Science as compared with someone who works to complete a degree in the Humanities or Social Services, by almost a 2 fold delta.  And when looking at salary over time, it even gets more interesting, where the average salary for a Civil Engineer (for instance) is $78,000[viii] compared with $50,000[ix] for a History Teacher.  So the lifetime earnings growth picture differs from field to field, meaning, the delta only widens over time (noting this excludes the difference created based on graduate/professional degree attainment in the various disciplines).  So this is interesting in itself, but it doesn’t address the point being made regarding earnings on the part of those who attend college vice those that do not.

To that point, if you look at skilled trades, such as say plumbing, electrical work, or construction inspection, you find that these people, who don’t most often hold a college degree, do pretty well when it comes to income.  According to an article from a couple years ago in AOL Jobs[x], a Plumber has an average salary of $51,600, and a Construction Building Inspector is at $48,000.  So when this is compared with our local History Teacher’s salary (at $50,000) all of a sudden, one has to start questioning whether one ought to pay out over $20/30,000 a year for a collegiate education (plus interest in loans) rather than entering a trade school and/or apprenticeship program in a skilled trade area (please note I am encouraging some sort of education after high school, but questioning college as the golden ticket).  And when you look at employment outlook (key to the point about unemployment made in Dr. Cabrera’s post), it gets even more compelling as there has been widespread angst in regards to where we are going to get the needed trades-persons to build the America of tomorrow[xi].  Again, this does not discount that a college degree is a worthwhile goal that all should strive for (and that choosing to do retail for the rest of your life might not be a wise choice), but it does speak to the point that there are other ways to attain financial success, and these aren’t low probability propositions in the aggregate.


Chart of Reporting Firms Citing Shortages in
various categories of Skilled Construction Trades[xii]

Speaking of financial success, the final point I would make surrounds one’s definition of how to “do well”.  Clearly, a person cannot discount that having more financial means at one’s disposal makes the potential of living life “well”, better.  But wealth is not the only measure of “wellness” or “doing well” that people use in life.  For instance, many people marry and opt to have children.  Creating and taking on the task of raising children is not a positive financial decision in most families lives, but without question I know that the vast majority of parents would certainly indicate that their lives have been deeply enriched, enlivened, and fulfilled by having children[xiii].  Certainly the ability to impart yourself into future generations is part of wellbeing, but there are other measures too.  Why do Engineers who could otherwise be highly successful in building a private corporation choose to turn to work in government?  Why do lawyers who could work in tort liability and other financially driven fields instead make a career of being public defendants or administrative functionaries?  Clearly work-life balance, work stress level, and other factors play into what people find to be critical in “doing well” in their lives.  And while collegiate attainment can lead to these things, there are other avenues that can enable such wellbeing.

So to conclude, I do not discount that we should speak highly of and support college educational attainment as the core of our efforts going forward as a nation.  But I question the “need”, as Dr. Cabrera cites in his post, for collegiate education for everyone (as compared with a “high desire” for).  Succinctly, I do not believe that to suggest that there are more ways, than through college, to attain success is a way “… to legitimize a view that can only harm young people trying to decide on their future.”  Rather, I think it says that one needs to make a very careful analysis of who they are, where they are going, and what success looks like for them before jumping on or off that path.  Without question, voluntarily turning from a course that leads you to, and enables, collegiate education is not a decision to be made lightly (as it is the odds on favorite for leading to success), but to say that not everyone can or should go to college immediately after high school (or ever) isn’t trying to “berate” Universities writ large, it is acknowledging there is a much more nuanced analysis that must take place.  Certainly I agree that I am all the better for having not only a Bachelor’s but also a Master’s Degree (in Engineering mind you), but I think my younger brother’s trade schooling[xiv] as a diesel engine mechanic will enable him to be as successful as I, in a way that is as deep, as financially secure, and as meaningful to him as my educational choice has been to me.





[i] Dr. Cabrera is the President of George Mason University, the largest public University in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
[iii] Both of these analyses were for 2012. For CUNY Hunter College the source for this graph is http://collegeapps.about.com/od/GPA-SAT-ACT-Graphs/ss/hunter-university-admission-gpa-sat-act.htm, and for Richard Stockton College the source for this graph is http://collegeapps.about.com/od/GPA-SAT-ACT-Graphs/ss/richard-stockton-college-admission-gpa-sat-act.htm.
[vi] See the report of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation on this very topic and why students drop out of college:  http://www.publicagenda.org/pages/with-their-whole-lives-ahead-of-them
[viii] Source:  http://www.indeed.com/salary?q1=Civil+Engineer&l1=
[ix] Source:  http://www.indeed.com/salary?q1=History+Teacher&l1=
[xi] For instance note this article in the leading construction and engineering industry weekly, Engineering News Record talking to this shortage of trades workers:  http://enr.construction.com/business_management/workforce/2013/0916-shortages-of-craft-workers-engineers-plague-contractors.asp
[xii] Ibid.
[xiv] Please note that I am not saying to not get educated, but perhaps other forms of education should count in a parallel fashion to college.