Showing posts with label Climate Change. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Climate Change. Show all posts

Sunday, May 18, 2025

Love for All Creation

 This message was intended to be given during worship this weekend, however, with some miscommunication, I did not end up preaching as planned.  That said, I think the message worthy of sharing, so this is offered now for those who wish to enjoin with it regardless if I was able to deliver it this weekend.


Love for All Creation

 

Acts 11:1-18; Psalm 148; Revelation 21:1-6; John 13:31-35 (White)

 

Key Verses

 

6 As I looked at it closely I saw four-footed animals, beasts of prey, reptiles, and birds of the air. 7 I also heard a voice saying to me, ‘Get up, Peter; kill and eat.’ 8 But I replied, ‘By no means, Lord, for nothing profane or unclean has ever entered my mouth.’ 9 But a second time the voice answered from heaven, ‘What God has made clean, you must not call profane.’ – Acts 11:6-9

 

5 Let them praise the name of the Lord,

    for he commanded and they were created.

6 He established them forever and ever;

    he fixed their bounds, which cannot be passed.[a]

7 Praise the Lord from the earth,

    you sea monsters and all deeps,

8 fire and hail, snow and frost,

    stormy wind fulfilling his command!

9 Mountains and all hills,

    fruit trees and all cedars!

10 Wild animals and all cattle,

    creeping things and flying birds! – Psalm 148:5-10

 

1 Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and the sea was no more. 2 And I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. – Rev 21:1-2

 

34 I give you a new commandment, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, you also should love one another. 35 By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.” – John 31:34-35

 


 

Message

 

“Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.”[1]

 

Let us pray.  “Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable to you, O Lord, my rock and redeemer.”[2]  Amen.

 

Good afternoon and welcome to the eve of summer.  This week’s weather certainly made it clear that winter is past and we are in for a very warm period ahead.  In ruminating on the appointed scriptures for this week, I couldn’t but be pulled towards and underlying theme that permeated through them.  There are also several contemporary events and shifts that spoke to me.  So, as I dive in here, I wish to beg some forgiveness if I go a bit too deep into what I am hearing here and maybe you are not.  To me, this set of lessons is all about God and His creation, specifically God and His creation and our role and how we are to view it and act within it for his glory and the glory of all He has made.  As you may be well aware, one of my core passions is related to sustainability and care for creation, and as such, this, again, may be “tickling my ears” in some sense.  I hope that what I share, however, resonates with what the Spirit is calling us all to hear.

 

Let’s begin with the oldest of the scripture readings this week, which, of course, is not the first lesson, but the Psalm.  The psalms are too easily forgotten as lessons to us, but they too are a part of the scripture.  Martin Luther famously leaned on the psalms, especially Psalm 118, during his imprisonment at Coburg Castle.  As Stephen J. Nicoles puts it, “Luther loved the Psalms, first lecturing on them in 1513–1516. His immersion in the Psalms certainly impacted the events of 1517. After the Ninety-Five Theses, Luther returned to the Psalms again and again. He started a practice of reading the Psalms through the day at seven designated times. This enabled him to read through the Psalter in two weeks. He kept disciplined at that practice throughout most of his life. He read the Psalms hundreds of times. He studied and lectured on the Psalms. He translated the Psalms into German. It is fair to say that Luther lived in the Psalms.”[3]  To that, we ought not forget that the Psalms speak to us as scripture as much as any other part of the Bible, this week’s selection being a case in point.

 

Psalm 148 is clustered at the end of that book and is among the “praise psalms” that bring these numerous ancient songs, poetry, and canticles to a conclusion.  What is striking here to me, if we look back at the verses, is how this litany of praise centers heavily on the nature of creation and the created order.  Specifically: 

 

“5 Let them praise the name of the Lord,

    for he commanded and they were created.

6 He established them forever and ever;

    he fixed their bounds, which cannot be passed.[a]

7 Praise the Lord from the earth,

    you sea monsters and all deeps,

8 fire and hail, snow and frost,

    stormy wind fulfilling his command!

9 Mountains and all hills,

    fruit trees and all cedars!

10 Wild animals and all cattle,

    creeping things and flying birds!”[4]

 

Alongside angels and the heavens, are “creeping things and flying birds.”  More than half the verse speak directly about creation and about how creation is itself a demonstration of God’s glory and grace in the world.  And it makes clear that creation is fully part and parcel to every single aspect of life, the life he gives and calls us to live.

 

As I am sure you are well aware, we now have a new Pope in Rome, Leo XIV who is the successor of Pope Francis.  Leo, like his predecessor, has already made clear that caring for creation is an imperative of Roman Catholics.  This is evident and made clear in Francis’ first encyclical, “Laudato Si”: On Care for Our Common Home.  While not a Lutheran document, and admitting that encyclicals can have their issues, this one has so much that transcends denominational boundaries.  To that, Francis echoed Psalm 148 when he offered that, “The entire material universe speaks of God’s love, his boundless affection for us. Soil, water, mountains: everything is, as it were, a caress of God.”[5]  This was certainly presaged when the ELCA adopted the Social Statement, “Caring for Creation:  Vision, Hope and Justice” back in 1993.  This earliest of social statements of our church offers that “Scripture witnesses to God as creator of the earth and all that dwells therein (Psalm 24:1). The creeds, which guide our reading of Scripture, proclaim God the Father of Jesus Christ as “maker of heaven and earth,” Jesus Christ as the one “through [whom] all things were made,” and the Holy Spirit as “the Lord, the giver of life” (Nicene Creed).”[6]  It goes on to say that “God blesses the world and sees it as “good,” even before humankind comes on the scene. All creation, not just humankind, is viewed as “very good” in God’s eyes (Genesis 1:31). God continues to bless the world: “When you send forth your spirit, they are created; and you renew the face of the ground” (Psalm 104:30). By faith we understand God to be deeply, mysteriously, and unceasingly involved in what happens in all creation. God showers care upon sparrows and lilies (Matthew 6:26-30), and brings “rain on a land where no one lives, on the desert, which is empty of human life” (Job 38:26).[7]

 

This is evident in the first lesson for today and the dream sequence that Peter experiences.  Peter still caught up in his Jewish identity, has been focusing on what is “clean and unclean” to the exclusion of the call by God to recognize all of his creation was created good.  In this dream God shows Peter a host of creatures that Judaism and their misapplication of the Mosaic codes had declared “unclean”.  “… four-footed animals, beasts of prey, reptiles, and birds of the air.”[8]  God instructs Peter to “Get up, …; kill and eat.”[9]  Peter’s reply?  “By no means, Lord, for nothing profane or unclean has ever entered my mouth.”[10]  It seems that Peter forgot to hear Jesus when he “… called the crowd to him and said to them, ‘Listen and understand:  it is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but it is what comes out of the mouth that defiles.’”[11]  Peter however is reminded in this dream that “What God has made clean, you must not call profane.”[12]  No, instead, that what God has created is “good” and not profane.  And we have a calling to both remember that and act accordingly.

 

On this topic, Luther, in his Large Catechism, speaks emphatically about creation and our role in it.  He offers “For even though otherwise we experience much good from men, still whatever we receive by His command or arrangement is all received from God. For our parents, and all rulers, and every one besides with respect to his neighbor, have received from God the command that they should do us all manner of good, so that we receive these blessings not from them, but, through them, from God. For creatures are only the hands, channels, and means whereby God gives all things, as He gives to the mother breasts and milk to offer to her child, and corn and all manner of produce from the earth for nourishment, none of which blessings could be produced by any creature of itself.[13]  In another place Luther offers, “Now, since all that we possess, and, moreover, whatever, in addition, is in heaven and upon the earth, is daily given, preserved, and kept for us by God, it is readily inferred and concluded that it is our duty to love, praise, and thank Him for it without ceasing, and, in short, to serve Him with all these things, as He demands and has enjoined in the Ten Commandments.”[14]  “For if we believed [this] with the heart, we would also act accordingly, and not stalk about proudly, act defiantly, and boast as though we had life, riches, power, and honor, etc., of ourselves, so that others must fear and serve us, as is the practice of the wretched, perverse world, which is drowned in blindness, and abuses all the good things and gifts of God only for its own pride, avarice, lust, and luxury, and never once regards God, so as to thank Him or acknowledge Him as Lord and Creator.”[15]

 

In other words, God exists, in with, and through all of creation, and what we do to and with creation is an expression of what we believe about God.  If we abuse the world, the creation, we are abusing God, we commit sin.  Instead, we are called to respect, love and tend to the garden, the creation, that God has blessed us with.  Yet, if we are paying attention, we are not doing that very well.  This is clearly evident in the continuing climate crisis that, and as my colleague Curt Stager at Paul Smiths says, “The truth is, the overwhelming consensus — from climate scientists, the U.S. military, global insurers and even Exxon’s own researchers — is that human-driven climate change is real, it’s mainly being caused by the combustion of fossil fuels, and it’s already reshaping our world.”[16]  Curt, a climate scientist, and former human caused climate change skeptic, has been accumulating one of the most robust sets of local climate data we have on record.  From temperature change to when ice goes in and out on St. Regis Lake, to days of snow ground cover, to changes in local plant and animal species, he has demonstrated with clear evidence that the warming of the planet is having effects on all of us here and now.  As he says, “The science behind human-driven climate change is so strong now that denying the central role of greenhouse gases is a waste of time that serves nobody but the fossil fuel interests who continue to fund such naysaying. Moving forward to find solutions with the support of the best available science is both a responsibility and a path to empowerment. It’s about choosing to be well informed, to care for our communities, and to protect the people and places we love.”  While not using the language of faith, he is saying the same thing Francis, and Luther, and scripture itself tells us, we have a responsibility to care for creation.

 

But for how long are we to care for creation?  To what end?  Those are great questions. And we get a glance at that in our second lesson today.  John of Patmos, in his cataclysmic vision, helps us to understand the end-game for God and his creation.  AS it is written there:  “… I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and the sea was no more. And I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.”[17]  It goes on to say that “See, the home of God is among mortals.  He will dwell with them; they will be his peoples, and God himself will be with them and be their God; …”[18]  And it offers that God is “… making all things new.”[19]  What John is seeing here is that creation itself has a huge role to play in the end times and the finality of all things.  We are not going to be whisked off to some far off heaven, as the false throey of the rapture would have you believe.  No, this very creation we live in, itself, will become a new thing.  God will remake it, come down and make it wholly restored.  This is precisely what we are praying for when we pray in the Lords prayer that “May your kingdom come. May your will be done on earth as it is in heaven.”  So we are to care for creation, be its good stewards, and take part fully as we go headlong into the end times, the times we are in today.

 

God, knowing we needed signs and tangible markers of his truth.  So he did indeed, come down from heaven, and became a human, in our likeness as the creeds tell us.  Christ, God incarnate, was and is, and ever will be our guiding light to understand what God’s glory means for us.  This is why in today’s gospel, Jesus articulates his relationship with God and as God; glories, upon glories, all brought together in creation itself.  And it is also whey Christ instituted holy communion, a sacrament that helps us, today and whenever we celebrate the eucharist, tap into this God-power of glorious grace and love.  God distills out of the meekest parts of his creation, grains of wheat and fruit of the vine, a corporeal instance where he is intimately in touch with us through his body and blood.  He is declaring, through this sacrament that He is “through, with, and under” all of creation, but especially in this celebration, for the forgiveness, and ultimate unwinding of sin.

 

So, as we continue on our journey, it is upon us that we listen to and do what we can to steward those things we have been given, ourselves, our time, and all of creation.  All creation is a sign of God’s unending love.  As he implores us in the gospel today, we need to love one another, each person, each plant, each animal, each stone.  We need to love as God has loved us.  We are to be visible signs, just as much as the signs we see in the incarnation of Christ and in the eucharist, for the world.  We need to be seen by everyone that we are His disciples.  And to do that we have to have love for one another.  Let us go out, then, and demonstrate our love for all of creation.  Amen.



[1] 2 Corinthians 1:2

[2] Psalm 19:14

[4] Psalm 148:5-10

[5] Laudato Si, 84

[6] Caring for Creation:  Vision, Hope and Justice, ELCA, 1993, pp. 2

[7] Caring for Creation:  Vision, Hope and Justice, ELCA, 1993, pp. 2

[8] Cf. Acts 11:6

[9] Cf. Acts 11:7

[10] Cf. Acts 11:8

[11] Cf. Matthew 15:10-11

[12] CF. Acts 11:9

[17] Cf. Revelation 21:1-2

[18] Cf. Revelation 21:3

[19] Cf. Revelation 21:5


Thursday, June 1, 2017

Walberg, Climate, and the Christian Calling

US Rep. Tim Walberg from Michigan, Climate, and the Christian Calling


Ahead of today's announcement by President Trump this article graced the front page of the publication USA Today:  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/06/01/tim-walberg-climate-change-trump-paris-agreement/102389286/.  Its not ironic, but rather potentially providential that I spent this morning at Bible study, and of all the books to be studying this morning,  we were studying the Gospel of Matthew.  Its in the beginning of Chapter 4, that as a Christian,  I'm asking Representative Walberg, and anyone else of his thinking, to reflect on.

For your ease, and his, here is the verses to which I refer:

"The Temptation of Jesus

Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil.  And he fasted forty days and forty nights, and afterward he was hungry.  And the tempter came and said to him, "If you are the Son of God, command these stones to become loaves of bread."  But he answered, "It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'"  Then the devil took him to the holy city, and set him on the pinnacle of the temple,  and said to him, "If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down; for it is written, ‘He will give his angels charge of you,'and ‘On their hands they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.'"  Jesus said to him, "Again it is written, ‘You shall not tempt the Lord your God.'"  Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and the glory of them;  and he said to him, "All these I will give you, if you will fall down and worship me."  Then Jesus said to him, "Begone, Satan! for it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve.'"  Then the devil left him, and behold, angels came and ministered to him."  Matthew 4: 1-11, Revised Standard Version

I don't know Representative Walberg, other than to know that he said this, as recorded in the above article, "I believe there’s climate change.  I believe there’s been climate change since the beginning of time.  I think there are cycles.  Do I think man has some impact?  Yeah, of course.  Can man change the entire universe?  No.”  “Why do I believe that?  Well, as a Christian, I believe that there is a creator in God who is much bigger than us. And I’m confident that, if there’s a real problem, he can take care of it.”

In response to him I'll quote Jesus quoting scripture and the words from God, "Don't put the Lord your God to the test."

One of the themes of the last few years in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (the denomination and christian polity to which I belong), has been "Gods Work, Our Hands".  The fatalism demonstrated in Rep. Walberg's thinking is diametrically opposed to this theme and the scriptural witness.  He also, gets it entirely wrong that we can't effect the universe, that is if he takes his claims of Christian belief seriously.  From the beginning of Genesis, where God tells Adam and Eve to be stewards of all of creation, through the Psalms where David and Israel lament and recognize their failure to take care of the things they are first given, gifts from the creator, to St. Paul and his depiction of every part of creation being a part of God the I AM, there is a call for our active, helpful dominion of this planet.  We aren't to sit idly by and wait for God to do it for us, we are God's very instruments to take care of this "our common home" to quote Laudato Si.

We've all heard the parable of the flood victim waiting to be rescued.  You know the one where their home is flooded so bad they are on the roof praying to God for help.  A boat comes by and the occupants say they thy have room, but the victim says,  "No God will save me."  Then a helicopter comes by, and they drop a rope, but the victim pushes it away yelling "No thanks, God will save me."  Then a large surge comes, the victim is washed away and dies, and upon arriving before God, he asks "God why didn't you save me?"  And God replies, "Didn't you see the boat that came to you to rescue you? And the helicopter with a rope?"  "Yes Lord, I did" they reply.  "Well that was me acting through others, so sad you didn't recognize me when I was so near."  While potentially apocryphal, this parable rings very true to this situation.  God acts through the Universe and we are a part of that Universe.  We are given life boats from time to time, and we are shown the way on what we are to do to take action and avoid the sin of inaction.

Rep. Walberg is encouraging sin of inaction, unlike Isaiah who was calling Israel to repent of their ways.  Their unfaithfulness to God by not taking seriously their duties to care for the widow, the orphan, the creation around them, valuing personal wealth and comfort and thinking they owned the things gifted to them, resulted in exile to Babylon.  In this climate crisis, there is no Babylon to be exiled to.  One definition of sin, as recorded in scripture, is to give into our baser impulses, and God will let us do that to our demise.  We've had warnings, we have the God given gift of knowledge and ability to reason, and our best minds are in widespread agreement: we need to act and act now before its too late,  lest our greed gets the best of us.

So, Rep. Walberg, if you are the Christian you claim to be, the answer isn't to ignore the call to action that among other people, many a prophet has been telling us to heed.  Stop putting God to the test, stop worshiping mammon, and get on with being the faithful stewards we've been called to be.

Wednesday, May 10, 2017

Hubris, Scientism, and Climate Change


Hubris, Scientism, and Climate Change

As is my habit, I listen to many podcasts as I travel to and fro, mainly to keep up on current affairs and to remain educated in topics such as history, engineering, and so forth.  This past weekend, as I was returning back from military duties at Fort Drum, I was listening to Fareed Zakaria GPS[i], which had been recorded earlier in the day.  The following dialogue intrigued me:

“ZAKARIA: All right. We have to go but, Bret, I've got to ask you.  Your column on climate change caused a -- you know, a Twitter storm, maybe a real storm.  So, you know, basically saying we shouldn't be so overconfident and act as though there is absolutely no debate to be had on climate change.  Liberals should be willing to imagine that they could be wrong.  And what a scientist said to me in response was, look, that would be like saying, you know, when you turn a light switch on maybe the light will go on, maybe it won't, it's still up in the air.  That there is so much overwhelming science in this direction.  So that's the pushback I heard from one very intelligent, liberal scientist.

STEPHENS: Well, I don't deny global warming or climate change.  And I don't deny that we need to address it seriously.  The point of the article was to say that there is a risk in any predictive science of hubris.  There was an IPPC at global U.N. report at one point that said that the Himalayan glaciers were going to melt within our lifetime. This turned out not to be true.  The skeptics, or the genuine deniers, obviously, pounced on this detail.

So the column was an attempt to be was a warning against intellectual hubris.  Not an effort to deny facts about climate that have been agreed by the scientific community.  And I think that's a distinction that I'm afraid was lost in some of the more intemperate criticism.  But people who read the column carefully can see that I said nothing outrageous or beyond the pale of normal discussion.

ZAKARIA: And it's always struck me that the best answer to these kind[s] of things is not to try to silence people or drum them out but to answer them. To have a vigorous response and a vigorous debate which is what you provoked I think in that.  So I was very grateful for it.”[ii]

Based on this dialogue, I was called to actually read Mr. Stephens’ op-ed piece “Climate of Complete Certainty”[iii], which I actually thought was really superior:  https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/28/opinion/climate-of-complete-certainty.html.  I give this link as I think it is certainly worth your consideration and a fair reading on your own.  What I very much appreciate here is his call to be careful of over-reach, hubris, and certitude.  This is something anyone that is in a true academic pursuit should be always conscious of, because it often skews results, or worse, gets things completely wrong.  And this is no less true in real-life, history and politics.  One could certainly quibble with Mr. Stephens’ comparison of the climate change debate with the Hillary Clinton campaign, even if it did bring up some good points in his piece.  A more apt example might actually be the march to war in Iraq in 2002-2003 on the hubris induced, and ultimately wrong, theory that Saddam Hussein held massive cashes of weapons of mass destruction.

Of any character flaw that I take seriously, it is that of hubris.  Whether at an individual level or in a group, when people become pompous and arrogant, it is a sure sign that trouble is on the way.  In the climate change discussion space, I cannot be pegged as one who is in any sense a climate change denier.  I serve on the US Green Building Council’s Upstate NY Board[iv], I am active in Lutheran’s Restoring Creation[v], I teach courses in sustainable building and construction at Clarkson University (which always leads off with the reason for a need to be more sustainable), am active in efforts to support positive action to curb the damage of non-homeostatic impacts on the environment[vi] and I even have a fairly well viewed "TIM Talk"[vii] on this topic.  The point being, like Mr. Stephens, I am in no way attempting to "hurt" the cause of trying to fight against the causes of what is likely to be catastrophic effects of climate change.  In reality, I am trying to do the opposite; I want to ensure the cause is strengthened by ensuring that it doesn't succumb to the sin of hubris.

To that point, I am fully on board with Stephens in regards to the need for us to acknowledge and be forthright in how we speak about the science and the facts regarding climate change.  One of the main reasons for my concurrence is because I continue to see evidence of the great harm that over-prediction, hubris, and certitude have wrought in this effort.  Take for example this meme that was put out over Facebook by someone I know that lies in the climate change denial camp[viii]:



It isn’t hard to figure out the point of this meme, and how over-prediction and extreme alarmism are used as a punchline, especially when baseline facts do not support the conclusions:  NYC, while flooded during Hurricane Sandy (with extensive damage and cost), has not been converted into Venice, the average price of a gallon of milk is well below $12.99, and gasoline is presently at a third of the above predicted cost (although it has fluctuated as high as $4 per gallon, it’s never reached $9 per gallon).  There are certainly tons of holes in the meme that those of us that live in a fact based world can certainly point to[ix], but such apologia is of little avail, given the bald face and gross over-predictions laid out and that were never even close to being realized.  This is the precise type of intellectual hubris that Mr. Stephens is speaking to in his warning to those that are absolute fire-brands for the climate:  resist absolutism, be clairvoyant and true, and gain some humility.

And it is to the primary antidote of humility that I see Mr. Stephens trying to turn us to acknowledge as critical in the climate change discussion.  Pope Francis, in a very recent TED Talk[x] spoke to this very point, especially to those that lead and are involved in politics.  He said, “[p]lease, allow me to say it loud and clear: the more powerful you are, the more your actions will have an impact on people, the more responsible you are to act humbly.”[xi]  Francis, in the encyclical Laudato Si[xii], spells out the way forward in this work, one that certainly takes humility seriously and eschews hubris.  We have to avoid scientism[xiii], and instead accept that we can’t have all or nothing approaches to the challenge before us.  Rather we need to remove the blinders that such hubris and arrogance build and instead be all about an open dialogue, bringing honest, factual discussion to the fore.  To that end, the following should help to paint the true picture for us all.


Global Climate Report 2014 – Annual Global Temperature[xiv]


Climate Change: Global Temperature Projections[xv]

I can say with strong certainty that we are indeed in the fight of our lives and a fight for the only known inhabitable, life sustaining world in the universe.  Does this mean we have to take drastic measures?  Most likely it does, despite the fact that we can’t have 100% certainty.  But taking such drastic measures should be based on the facts that are skeptically arrived at, not hyperbole and over statements that belie an unwillingness to stand up to scrutiny.  We have to fight back against those that deny the reality of climate change, but we cannot deny the truth and its lack of perfect coherence as we do so.  We can’t afford, in this effort, that perfect becomes the enemy of good.  And it is for that reason I agree with Zakaria, I am grateful for Mr. Stephens piece, but even more so that there are many of my colleagues and many in the world working on this cause that think likewise, honesty really is the best principle.






[i] If you have an appetite, as I do, of multiple perspectives on the world and the US, this is a podcast worth listening to:  https://itunes.apple.com/podcast/fareed-zakaria-gps/id377785090?mt=2
[ii] Fareed Zakaria GPS, 7 May 2017, from transcript, retrieved from http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1705/07/fzgps.01.html, retrieved on 10 May 2017
[iii] "Climate of Complete Certainty", Op-Ed, Bret Stephens, 28 April 2017, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/28/opinion/climate-of-complete-certainty.html, retrieved on 10 May 2017
[iv] Currently serving as the Vice Chair.
[v] A grassroots organization working within the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America to create an eco-reformation
[vi] Including participation in the Climate March here in Potsdam, NY on 29 April 2017
[viii] Sergeant First Class (Retired) Thomas Paxitzis.  SFC Paxitzis and I served together in the 955th Engineer Company (Pipeline Construction) which I commanded from July 2001 to February 2003 and July 2004 to December 2004.  Tom was a Platoon Sergeant and one that was probably the most empathetic in the unit.  His views today, on a number of subjects including this one, are well out of the comportment that he once held.  Given our serving together I am unwilling to sever a connection, but only hope and pray that his bitterness will turn to empathy and his anger to acceptance; especially as he is a faith leader in his local congregation.
[ix] Among them that Good Morning America didn’t make those predictions, it reported on those that were; that the dossier of John Coleman is checkered at best and demonstrates his misleading and un-factual stances (https://www.desmogblog.com/john-coleman); and that these were all “worst case scenarios” that had variable likelihoods of occurrence.
[x] “Why the only future worth building includes everyone”, April 2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/pope_francis_why_the_only_future_worth_building_includes_everyone?language=en, retrieved on 10 May 2017
[xiii] “Scientism:  Unlike the use of the scientific method as only one mode of reaching knowledge, scientism claims that science alone can render truth about the world and reality.  Scientism's single-minded adherence to only the empirical, or testable, makes it a strictly scientific worldview, in much the same way that a Protestant fundamentalism that rejects science can be seen as a strictly religious worldview.  Scientism sees it necessary to do away with most, if not all, metaphysical, philosophical, and religious claims, as the truths they proclaim cannot be apprehended by the scientific method.  In essence, scientism sees science as the absolute and only justifiable access to the truth.”  Source:  PBS Glossary, http://www.pbs.org/faithandreason/gengloss/sciism-body.html, retrieved on 10 May 2017.  I’d also offer the lecture of Henry F. Schaefer III, given at the C.S. Lewis Society of California, http://www.lewissociety.org/scientism.php.
[xiv] Global Climate Report - Annual 2014, Various Global Temperature Time Series, updated through 2014, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/13/supplemental/page-4, retrieved on 10 May 2017
[xv] Climate Change: Global Temperature Projections, David Herring, 6 March 2012, available at https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature-projections, accessed on 10 May 2017